A photon (from Ancient Greek φῶς, φωτός (phôs, phōtós) 'light') is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Photons are massless, so they always move at the speed … See more The word quanta (singular quantum, Latin for how much) was used before 1900 to mean particles or amounts of different quantities, including electricity. In 1900, the German physicist Max Planck was studying black-body radiation, … See more In most theories up to the eighteenth century, light was pictured as being made up of particles. Since particle models cannot easily account for the refraction, diffraction See more In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose derived Planck's law of black-body radiation without using any electromagnetism, but rather by using a … See more In 1916, Albert Einstein showed that Planck's radiation law could be derived from a semi-classical, statistical treatment of photons and atoms, which implies a link between the rates at which atoms emit and absorb photons. The condition follows from the … See more A photon is massless, has no electric charge, and is a stable particle. In a vacuum, a photon has three possible polarization states. The photon is the gauge boson for electromagnetism, and therefore all other quantum numbers of the photon (such as See more Photons obey the laws of quantum mechanics, and so their behavior has both wave-like and particle-like aspects. When a photon is detected by a measuring instrument, it is registered as a single, particulate unit. However, the probability of detecting a … See more Quantization of the electromagnetic field In 1910, Peter Debye derived Planck's law of black-body radiation from a relatively simple assumption. He decomposed the electromagnetic … See more WebOct 30, 2024 · Photon frequency and four-velocity. An inertial observer in a two dimensional Minkowski space ( t, x) is located at the origin with four-velocity U μ = [ 1 0]. If a photon is …

Photon rocket - Wikipedia

WebApr 27, 2010 · However, even for a photon the following definition of energy applies: E² = m²c^4 + c² ( p. p) As does the following definition of the four-momentum: P = (E/c, p) Since m=0, combining those two gives the four-momentum of a photon as: ( p , p) or equivalently for a photon traveling in the x direction: (E/c,E/c,0,0) Apr 18, 2009 #3 protonchain 97 0 WebLow-velocity shocks cool primarily via Ly α 𝛼 \alpha italic_α, two-photon continuum, optical recombination lines (e.g., H α 𝛼 \alpha italic_α), free-bound emission, free-free emission and forbidden lines of metals. The dark far-ultraviolet (FUV) sky, aided by the fact that the two-photon continuum peaks at 1400 Å, makes the FUV band ... the post-american world book

Photon - Wikipedia

WebSep 30, 2024 · The Photon Velocity. When an electron gains energy, it can jump from its orbit to an orbit . with a higher potential energy. An electron in this case is called . an excited electron. So the ... WebAnswer (1 of 7): The velocity of a photon is a vector that includes it’s speed with it’s direction… so there is not enough information. The speed of a photon between … WebOct 6, 2013 · Now according to article I have referenced in previous post if particle is lighter than photon it can go with greater velocity.So spaceon can go faster than speed of light.If photon has positive mass spaceon has mass somewhat lesser than photon and if photon has zero mass mass of spaceon is negative.That is my point. Oct 6, 2013 the post and courier obituary